Gastroenterology is a medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases affecting the digestive system. Disorders of the esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas fall within the scope of gastroenterology.
The digestive system performs vital functions such as breaking down food, absorbing nutrients, and eliminating waste products. Therefore, the health of the digestive system not only affects the stomach but has a direct impact on the entire body.
Diagnostic Methods Used in Gastroenterology
To diagnose diseases of the digestive system, endoscopy, colonoscopy, imaging techniques, and laboratory tests are used.
Endoscopic Procedures
- Gastroscopy (upper gastrointestinal endoscopy)
- Colonoscopy
- Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)
Imaging Methods
- Ultrasound (Sonography, USG)
- Computed Tomography (CT)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI, MRCP)
Laboratory and Other Tests
- Blood tests (liver function tests, pancreatic enzymes, etc.)
- Biopsy
- Stool tests
Thanks to these methods, digestive system diseases can be detected at an early stage.
Which Diseases Does Gastroenterology Deal With?
Gastroenterology focuses on the diagnosis and management of conditions related to the stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
Diseases of the Esophagus and Stomach
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- Gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining)
- Stomach and duodenal ulcers
- Gastric infections (Helicobacter pylori)
Diseases of the Small and Large Intestines
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
- Crohn’s disease
- Ulcerative colitis
- Celiac disease
- Intestinal polyps and diverticula
Diseases of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas
- Different types of hepatitis
- Fatty liver disease
- Gallstones
- Gallbladder inflammation
- Pancreatitis
When Should You See a Gastroenterologist?
Patients often consult a gastroenterologist with the following symptoms:
- Persistent stomach pain and heartburn
- Frequent belching and reflux symptoms
- Long-lasting diarrhea or constipation
- Bloating and a feeling of fullness in the abdomen
- Blood in the stool
- Jaundice, loss of appetite, unexplained weight loss
- Severe discomfort after meals
Diagnostic Procedures Used in Gastroenterology
For early detection, endoscopic examinations, imaging techniques, and laboratory tests are most frequently used.
- Endoscopy: Examination of the esophagus and stomach with a camera
- Colonoscopy: Detailed visualization of the colon and rectum
- Ultrasound and MRI: Evaluation of the liver, bile ducts, and pancreas
- Blood and stool tests: Assessment of liver function, infections, and detection of hidden blood
- Biopsy: Collection of tissue samples when necessary
Common Gastroenterological Diseases and Their Symptoms
Reflux, gastritis, ulcers, hepatitis, and intestinal diseases are among the most common gastroenterological problems.
| Disease | Symptoms |
|---|---|
| Reflux | Heartburn, acidic regurgitation |
| Gastritis | Stomach pain, nausea, bloating |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | Abdominal pain, alternating diarrhea/constipation |
| Crohn’s Disease / Ulcerative Colitis | Chronic diarrhea, weight loss, abdominal pain |
| Hepatitis | Jaundice, fatigue, loss of appetite |
| Gallstones | Pain in the right upper abdomen, nausea, vomiting |
Importance of Early Detection
Many digestive system diseases begin with mild symptoms. However, if neglected, they can significantly affect quality of life and lead to serious complications. Through regular check-ups and timely medical consultations, it is possible to:
- Stop disease progression
- Ensure simpler and more effective treatments
- Minimize complications
Conclusion
Gastroenterology plays a vital role in maintaining the health of the digestive system. Symptoms affecting the stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas should not be ignored. In particular, recurring or long-lasting complaints should always be evaluated by a specialist.
All content on this website is for informational purposes only and is based on scientific sources available at the time of writing. If you experience health problems, require a diagnosis, or need treatment, please consult your physician or an authorized healthcare institution directly.
