What is an Umbilical Hernia? Symptoms and Surgery
An umbilical hernia, medically known as an “umbilical hernia,” is a type of hernia that occurs near the belly button (umbilicus), where the abdominal wall is weakened. This condition, in which internal tissues or intestines protrude through the opening around the navel, can affect both children and adults.
What Causes Umbilical Hernia?
Umbilical hernias can result from congenital abdominal wall openings or acquired weaknesses. Common causes include:
- Congenital weakness or opening in abdominal muscles
- Obesity
- Pregnancy
- Activities that frequently increase intra-abdominal pressure (heavy lifting, chronic cough, constipation)
- Abdominal trauma or previous surgeries
What Are the Symptoms of Umbilical Hernia?
This type of hernia often manifests as a visible bulge near or below the belly button. Other potential symptoms include:
- Swelling around the navel that becomes more prominent when coughing, straining, or standing
- Pain or pressure sensation in the area
- Nausea (in advanced cases)
- Abdominal bloating or digestive discomfort
Is Umbilical Hernia Dangerous?
While many umbilical hernias are benign, complications can occur. If the herniated tissue—such as intestine or fat—becomes trapped and its blood supply is compromised, it leads to strangulation, a medical emergency requiring immediate surgery.
How Is Umbilical Hernia Diagnosed?
Diagnosis is primarily clinical, via physical examination. However, if complications are suspected, imaging may be used:
- Ultrasound (USG)
- CT scan
- MRI
How Is Umbilical Hernia Treated?
Treatment typically involves surgery, though asymptomatic and small hernias may be monitored:
- Observation:
- In infants, spontaneous closure often occurs before age two.
- In adults, small hernias may remain asymptomatic for years.
- Surgical Repair:
- Open surgery: A small incision over the hernia is used to repair the defect.
- Laparoscopic repair: Internally performed with the aid of a camera through several small incisions.
- A synthetic mesh is often used to reinforce the abdominal wall and reduce recurrence risk.
Post‑Surgery Recovery
- Avoid heavy lifting for several weeks
- Maintain wound hygiene and monitor for infection
- Consult your surgeon if you experience significant pain, redness, or fever
Who Is at Higher Risk?
| Risk Group | Rationale |
|---|---|
| Newborns and infants | Due to congenital umbilical ring defects |
| Obese individuals | Increased abdominal pressure |
| Pregnant women | Enlarging uterus places strain on the abdominal wall |
| People with chronic cough or constipation | Repeated strain elevates hernia risk |
| Individuals after abdominal surgery | Weakened scar area may develop hernias |
Which Doctor Should You See?
If you suspect an umbilical hernia, consult a general surgeon. They are specialists in diagnosing and managing hernias and will advise on treatment options.
How Does Umbilical Hernia Differ from Other Types?
- Inguinal hernia: Occurs in the groin
- Femoral hernia: Occurs in the upper inner thigh
- Incisional hernia: Develops at a previous surgical incision site
- Umbilical hernia: Appears near the belly button
Prevention Tips
While not always preventable, certain strategies may lower your risk:
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Prevent constipation through balanced diet and fiber intake
- Use proper lifting techniques
- Treat chronic cough or respiratory conditions early
Umbilical hernias can be effectively managed with timely diagnosis and treatment. Surgical repair is safe and improves quality of life. If you notice a hernia, seek specialist evaluation before complications arise.
Disclaimer: This content is provided for informational purposes only and is based on current scientific literature. If you experience symptoms, require diagnosis, or need treatment, please consult a qualified healthcare professional.
