What Is an Ingrown Toenail? How Can It Be Treated?
Ingrown toenail occurs when the edges or corners of the nail grow into the surrounding skin. It most commonly affects the big toe but can develop on other toes as well. Over time, an ingrown nail can cause pain, redness, swelling, and infection. If left untreated, the risk of complications increases, and serious issues may arise.
What Causes Ingrown Toenails?
There are several factors that can contribute to the development of ingrown toenails, including:
| Cause | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Incorrect Nail Cutting | Cutting nails too short or in a rounded shape can cause edges to grow into skin. |
| Improper Shoes | Tight or pointy shoes apply pressure, promoting penetration of the nail. |
| Trauma or Injury | Stubbing or sudden impact can damage nail structure, leading to ingrowth. |
| Genetic Predisposition | A family history may indicate anatomical tendencies. |
| Excessive Sweating | Moist environments soften nails and skin, making penetration easier. |
| Obesity and Pregnancy | Increased pressure on the feet exacerbates ingrown nails. |
What Are the Symptoms?
Symptoms of an ingrown toenail vary depending on the stage of development:
- Pain and tenderness at the affected toe
- Redness and swelling
- Fluid or pus under the skin
- Infection with discharge or foul odor
If these symptoms appear, prompt medical consultation is recommended.
How to Treat an Ingrown Toenail
Treatment depends on the severity and stage of the condition. Early measures can often provide relief:
Home Care
- Warm Soaks: Soak feet several times a day to reduce pain and swelling.
- Proper Nail Trimming: Cut nails straight across without rounding the edges.
- Appropriate Footwear: Choose wide, comfortable shoes.
- Foot Hygiene: Keep feet clean and dry.
Medical Treatments
- Antibiotics: Used under a doctor’s supervision if an infection develops.
- Professional Foot Care: Podologists or specialists may use taping or padding techniques.
Medical Treatment Options
While early-stage ingrown toenails can be managed conservatively, advanced cases may require professional intervention:
| Treatment | Description |
|---|---|
| Conservative Techniques | Bandages, padding, or braces to redirect nail growth. |
| Surgical Intervention | Partial or full nail removal under local anesthesia. |
| Laser Therapy | Laser applied to the nail root to prevent recurrence. |
| Phenolization | Phenol is applied to the nail matrix to permanently narrow the nail root. |
Post-treatment care and adherence to medical advice are vital to prevent recurrence.
Post-Treatment Care
After treatment, the following measures are essential:
- Maintain foot hygiene and dryness.
- Avoid tight or high-heeled shoes.
- Follow proper nail trimming techniques.
- Keep scheduled follow-up appointments.
Which Doctor Should You See?
Start with a dermatologist for ingrown nails. Depending on severity, referrals may be made to:
- Orthopedists
- General Surgeons
- Podiatrists
Proper diagnosis and treatment planning require a specialist’s evaluation.
Prevention Strategies
You can prevent ingrown toenails by:
- Cutting nails straight across and avoiding overly short trimming
- Wearing well-fitted, comfortable shoes
- Drying feet thoroughly and practicing good hygiene
- Managing foot moisture and sweating
- Attending regular podiatry check-ups
Frequently Asked Questions
Can an ingrown toenail resolve on its own?
Mild cases may improve with home care, but advanced or infected ones require medical treatment.
Is treatment painful?
Modern procedures are usually performed under local anesthesia and are generally painless. Some sensitivity may occur afterwards.
Do ingrown nails recur?
Appropriate care and treatment minimize recurrence risk. However, improper footwear, cutting habits, or genetics may cause it to recur.
Disclaimer: This content is for informational purposes only and based on scientific literature available at the time of writing. If you experience symptoms or require diagnosis or treatment, please consult your physician or professional healthcare provider.
