Gastric Balloon Procedure

The gastric balloon is a minimally invasive method used in the treatment of obesity. In this procedure, a specially designed inflatable balloon is placed into the stomach endoscopically. Occupying space inside the stomach, this balloon helps create an early feeling of fullness, aiming to reduce food intake. The gastric balloon is generally considered as an option when weight loss methods such as diet and exercise have failed or when additional support is needed. While it is not a permanent surgical intervention, it can provide significant support during the weight loss process. The balloon typically remains in the stomach for several months, during which time the individual is encouraged to change their eating habits and adopt a healthier lifestyle.

Who is Suitable for Gastric Balloon Application?

The gastric balloon is not suitable for everyone as a weight loss method. There are specific criteria and evaluations to determine suitability. Generally, candidates who may be appropriate for the gastric balloon include:

• Individuals with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher who have not achieved sufficient weight loss through diet and exercise.
• Individuals with a BMI between 27 and 30 who have obesity-related health problems (such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea). Weight loss in these cases can help manage these health issues.
• Overweight individuals at high risk for surgical intervention, for whom the gastric balloon is a safer alternative.
• Individuals who want to lose weight before major surgery to reduce surgical risk. The gastric balloon can assist in preoperative weight loss.

However, there are contraindications for the gastric balloon, including active stomach ulcers, hiatal hernia, severe reflux disease, bleeding disorders, psychiatric issues, and pregnancy. A detailed medical examination and evaluation before the procedure are critical to determine if the individual is suitable for this method.

How is the Gastric Balloon Inserted?

The gastric balloon placement is typically performed in an endoscopy unit under sedation. No surgical incisions are made. The general steps are:

1. Preparation: The patient is instructed to fast for a certain period before the procedure. An intravenous line is placed due to sedation.
2. Endoscopy: A thin, flexible tube with a camera and light (endoscope) is passed through the mouth and down the esophagus into the stomach.
3. Stomach Inspection: The inner lining of the stomach is examined in detail to check for abnormalities.
4. Balloon Placement: The deflated balloon is passed through the endoscope into the stomach.
5. Balloon Inflation: The balloon is filled with sterile fluid (usually saline) or air to a certain volume, occupying sufficient space in the stomach.
6. Endoscope Removal: The endoscope is carefully withdrawn.

The procedure generally takes 20-30 minutes, and the patient can be discharged on the same day. Mild nausea, vomiting, or abdominal cramps may occur temporarily after the procedure.

Features of the Gastric Balloon

Gastric balloons vary depending on needs and duration of use:

• Material: Usually made from biocompatible materials like silicone or polyurethane, resistant to stomach acid and digestive enzymes.
• Shape and Size: Vary by manufacturer. The volume of the balloon is adjusted based on the patient’s weight and doctor’s preference.
• Inflation Medium: Typically sterile saline solution. Some balloons include a blue dye to detect leakage via urine color change. Air-filled balloons also exist.
• Duration of Use: Typically remains in the stomach for 6 to 12 months, depending on the balloon type and patient needs. Balloons designed for longer use are also available.
• Adjustable Balloons: Some advanced balloons can be inflated, deflated, or adjusted endoscopically during treatment to optimize fullness and personalize weight loss.

The choice of balloon type depends on the patient’s condition and is determined by the doctor.

Post-Gastric Balloon Nutrition and Lifestyle Changes

The gastric balloon alone is not a complete weight loss solution. Successful and lasting results require significant dietary and lifestyle changes during the balloon’s presence in the stomach. Important recommendations include:

• Gradual Diet: The stomach will be sensitive after the procedure; start with liquids for a few days, then progress to pureed and gradually solid foods.
• Small, Frequent Meals: Due to reduced stomach volume, smaller portions eaten more frequently increase satiety and prevent discomfort.
• Healthy Food Choices: Avoid fatty, sugary, and processed foods; focus on foods rich in protein, fiber, and vitamins.
• Eat Slowly and Chew Well: This helps digestion and improves recognition of fullness signals.
• Adequate Hydration: Drink enough water daily to support metabolism and prevent constipation.
• Regular Exercise: Begin physical activity as advised by the doctor to increase calorie burn and speed weight loss.
• Professional Support: Guidance from a dietitian or nutritionist is important for adopting and maintaining healthy eating habits. Psychological support may also be beneficial.

Maintaining healthy eating and active lifestyle habits after balloon removal is crucial to sustain weight loss.

Possible Risks and Side Effects of the Gastric Balloon

Although generally safe, the gastric balloon may cause some side effects and risks, mostly mild and temporary, but sometimes more serious problems can occur:

• Early Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, pain, and bloating are common initial reactions and usually resolve within a few days.
• Balloon Migration: Rarely, the balloon may move from its place and block the intestines, requiring endoscopic or surgical removal.
• Balloon Deflation or Leakage: Spontaneous deflation or leakage of balloon contents may occur rarely. Blue dye in some balloons can help detect leaks by changing urine color. Deflated balloons require removal.
• Stomach Ulcer or Irritation: There is a low risk of ulcers or irritation caused by balloon friction on the stomach lining.
• Intestinal Obstruction: Rarely, an obstruction may develop due to balloon displacement or other causes.
• Anesthesia Risks: Sedation or anesthesia may rarely cause allergic reactions or respiratory complications.

Before the procedure, the doctor will provide detailed information about potential risks and side effects. It is important to consult the doctor immediately if any unexpected symptoms occur after the procedure.

Disclaimer

All content on this site is for informational purposes only and based on scientific sources valid as of the preparation date. For any symptoms, diagnosis, or treatment needs related to health, please consult your doctor or authorized healthcare provider directly.