How Is Mole Removal with Laser Performed?

Our skin, as the body’s largest organ, acts as a barrier against external factors, but it can also host various formations—one of which is moles (nevi). These appear as clusters of melanin-producing melanocyte cells. While most moles are harmless, some may pose a risk to skin health. Therefore, it’s important to monitor moles regularly and have them evaluated and removed by a specialist when necessary.

Why Do Moles Form? What Are the Different Types?

Moles typically develop due to factors such as genetic predisposition, sun exposure, and hormonal changes. Moles present at birth are called congenital nevi, while those appearing later in life are known as acquired nevi. They can vary in:

• Color: brown, black, pink, flesh-toned
• Size: from tiny dots to several centimeters
• Shape: round, oval, irregular
• Surface: flat, raised, smooth, or rough

Some types of moles have the potential to transform into melanoma, a dangerous form of skin cancer. Hence, having moles examined regularly by a dermatologist using a dermatoscope is crucial. Pay special attention if a mole shows:

• Asymmetry: One half doesn’t match the other
• Irregular Borders: Edges are uneven, scalloped, or blurred
• Color Variation: Different tones like black, brown, red, white, or blue
• Diameter: Larger than 6 mm (about the size of a pencil eraser)
• Evolution: Any change in size, shape, color, elevation, or texture

Reasons for Mole Removal

Mole removal is typically pursued for two main reasons:

1. Medical Reasons

• Suspicion of Melanoma: If a dermatologist suspects a mole could be melanoma, it is completely removed surgically and sent for pathological examination.
• Atypical Nevi: Also called dysplastic nevi; these have a higher risk of progressing to melanoma.
• Chronic Irritation: Moles that are repeatedly irritated by clothing, jewelry, or friction may need to be removed due to discomfort or risk.

2. Cosmetic Reasons

Some individuals choose to remove moles from visible areas—such as the face, neck, or décolleté—for aesthetic reasons.

Methods for Mole Removal

The method chosen depends on the mole’s characteristics (type, size, location) and the clinician’s expertise:

• Surgical Excision

• Widely used; mole and a margin of healthy skin are removed under local anesthesia.
• Usually involves stitches and the tissue is sent for pathology. Ideal for suspicious or deep moles.

• Shave Excision

• Suitable for small, raised moles.
• The protruding part is shaved off; stitching is usually not required.
• Tissue can still be sent for pathology.

• Laser Removal

• Ideal for small, superficial, cosmetic-only moles.
• Laser energy destroys pigment cells.
• Multiple sessions may be needed, but the tissue cannot be examined pathologically—so it’s not used for suspicious moles.

• Cryotherapy (Freezing)

• Liquid nitrogen freezes the mole to destroy it.
• Suitable for small surface-level moles; afterward, a blister may form.
• Not suitable for pathological examination.

• Electrocautery (Burning)

• Uses high-frequency electrical current to burn away the mole.
• Best for small, raised moles; may leave a mild scar.
• Tissue is not available for pathology.

What to Expect During the Procedure

1. Dermatologic Examination: The dermatologist inspects the mole using a dermatoscope.
2. Treatment Plan: The removal method is selected based on mole characteristics.
3. Local Anesthesia: Ensures that the procedure is painless.
4. Mole Removal: Executed with the chosen technique.
5. Stitches: Applied if required (e.g., after surgical excision).
6. Pathological Analysis: Suspicious or diagnostic tissue is sent for lab evaluation.
7. Wound Care: You’ll receive detailed instructions on how to clean and dress the area.

Aftercare and Precautions

• Keep it clean and dress as advised by your doctor.
• Follow-up for stitches—have them removed as scheduled.
• Protect from sun exposure: Use high-SPF sunscreen, especially during early healing.
• Avoid friction or pressure on the treated area.
• Watch for infection signs, such as redness, swelling, pain, or discharge—contact your doctor if these occur.
• Attend follow-up appointments as recommended.

Should you notice any concerning changes in a mole, consult a dermatologist promptly. Regular monitoring and appropriate removal methods can effectively manage both health and cosmetic concerns.