Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women, affecting millions of women worldwide each year. With early diagnosis, appropriate treatment planning, and advancements in surgical techniques, it is possible to control the disease and improve quality of life. In this process, oncoplastic surgery represents a modern approach that aims both to treat cancer and preserve the aesthetic appearance of the breast.
What is Breast Cancer?
Breast cancer is a malignant (cancerous) disease that occurs when the cells in breast tissue begin to grow uncontrollably. It typically starts in the milk ducts (ductal) or milk-producing lobules (lobular).
Types of Breast Cancer
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) | An early-stage cancer confined to the milk ducts. |
| Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) | The most common type; it can spread from the ducts to surrounding tissue. |
| Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC) | Originates in the lobules; may have a more insidious progression. |
| Triple-Negative Breast Cancer | A more aggressive type that lacks hormone receptors and HER2 protein. |
Risk Factors
Genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of breast cancer. Common risk factors include:
- Family history of breast cancer
- BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations
- Advanced age
- Long-term estrogen exposure (early menstruation, late menopause)
- Obesity and unhealthy lifestyle
- Alcohol and tobacco use
Symptoms
Since breast cancer may not show symptoms in its early stages, regular screenings are crucial. Possible signs include:
- A painless, firm lump in the breast
- Retraction or distortion of the nipple
- Redness, swelling, or peau d’orange appearance on the skin of the breast
- Bloody or clear discharge from the nipple
- Swelling in the armpit area
Diagnostic Methods
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
| Mammography | The first-choice imaging technique for screening. |
| Breast Ultrasound | A complementary tool, especially useful in patients with dense breast tissue. |
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | Used in high-risk cases or when detailed imaging is needed. |
| Biopsy | Tissue sample taken from the suspicious area to confirm the diagnosis. |
Treatment Options
Treatment is planned based on the stage of the disease, the biological characteristics of the tumor, and the patient’s overall health condition. The main treatment modalities include:
- Surgery (lumpectomy, mastectomy)
- Radiotherapy
- Chemotherapy
- Hormonal therapy
- Targeted therapy
What is Oncoplastic Surgery?
Oncoplastic surgery is a surgical approach that combines oncologic safety with aesthetic outcomes by incorporating plastic surgery techniques into breast cancer treatment. It is especially used to preserve or restore the natural shape of the breast after tumor removal.
Oncoplastic Surgery Techniques
| Technique | Purpose | Indication |
|---|---|---|
| Wide local excision with reshaping | Maintains breast symmetry after conservative surgery | Small to medium-sized tumors |
| Reduction mammoplasty technique | Simultaneous tumor removal and breast reduction | Patients with large breasts |
| Mastectomy with reconstruction | Rebuilding the breast after complete removal | Advanced or multifocal cancers |
Advantages of Oncoplastic Surgery
- Safe removal of cancerous tissue
- Reduction of aesthetic concerns
- Decreased need for revision surgeries
- Support for psychological well-being
- Achieving a natural and symmetrical appearance in both breasts
Who is a Candidate for Oncoplastic Surgery?
Oncoplastic surgery may be suitable for the following patient groups:
- Patients with early-stage breast cancer
- Candidates for breast-conserving surgery
- Younger or more active individuals concerned with aesthetics
- Patients with large and/or sagging breasts
Postoperative Process of Oncoplastic Surgery
The postoperative process may vary depending on the patient. Generally:
- Hospital stay of 1–2 days
- Rest and wound care during the first week
- Return to social life within 2–3 weeks
- Resumption of physical activity usually from the 4th week onwards
Frequently Asked Questions about Oncoplastic Surgery
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Are the aesthetic results permanent? | Long-term results can be achieved depending on surgical technique and skin quality. |
| Does radiotherapy affect aesthetic outcomes? | Skin discoloration and firmness may occur, but appearance is generally not severely affected. |
| Can oncoplastic surgery be performed after mastectomy? | Yes. Breast reconstruction can provide results close to a natural look. |
Breast cancer is a disease that can be successfully treated if diagnosed in time. Oncoplastic surgery is a significant advancement in modern surgical care that helps maintain both health and quality of life. Reducing aesthetic concerns supports patients in staying mentally strong and adopting a more positive approach to the treatment process.
All content on this site is provided for informational purposes only and is based on scientific sources available at the time of preparation. For any health-related symptoms, diagnoses, or treatment needs, please consult your physician or an authorized healthcare institution.