Endoscopy is a minimally invasive diagnostic and sometimes therapeutic method that allows visualization of internal organs, especially the digestive system.
This procedure is performed using a flexible tube (endoscope) equipped with a camera and light source. It enables detailed examination of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, large intestine, and some other internal structures.
Endoscopy is one of the indispensable methods of modern medicine, both for early diagnosis of diseases and for performing certain interventional procedures.
When Is Endoscopy Performed?
Endoscopy is commonly used to evaluate the following complaints:
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Persistent stomach pain or burning
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Difficulty swallowing
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Chronic nausea or vomiting
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Unexplained weight loss
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Occult blood in stool or black-colored stools
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Chronic diarrhea or constipation
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Vomiting blood
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Symptoms of reflux
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Suspicion of ulcers
Additionally, in some cases, endoscopic procedures are also used for therapeutic purposes such as polyp removal, biopsy, or stopping stomach bleeding.
How Is Endoscopy Performed?
Endoscopy is usually performed using an endoscope inserted through the mouth to reach the stomach. The patient is typically required to fast for 6–8 hours before the procedure. Local anesthesia (throat spray) or mild sedation (a calming medication through an IV) is used to help the patient relax.
During the procedure, the endoscope is advanced through the esophagus into the stomach and duodenum. These areas are examined in detail with the help of the camera. Biopsies may be taken or minor interventions performed if needed. The procedure usually takes between 10–20 minutes.
Types of Endoscopy
Endoscopy is named differently depending on the part of the body it is used to examine:
| Type of Endoscopy | Examined Area | Method of Application |
|---|---|---|
| Gastroscopy | Esophagus, stomach, duodenum | Through the mouth |
| Colonoscopy | Large intestine and rectum | Through the anus |
| Rectosigmoidoscopy | Rectum and sigmoid colon | Through the anus |
| Bronchoscopy | Respiratory tract and lungs | Through the mouth or nose |
| Laparoscopy | Intra-abdominal organs | Through an incision in the skin |
| Arthroscopy | Joint structures | Through an incision in the skin |
Pre- and Post-Endoscopy Considerations
Before Endoscopy:
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No food or drink should be consumed for at least 6–8 hours before the procedure.
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Any medications being used (e.g., blood thinners) must be reported to the doctor.
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Diabetic patients should adjust insulin doses as advised by their physician.
After Endoscopy:
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If sedation was used, the patient is monitored for a short period after the procedure.
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It is recommended not to consume any food or drink for a few hours post-procedure.
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Mild throat soreness, bloating, or belching is considered normal.
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If a biopsy was taken, pathology results are typically available within a few days.
Risks and Complications of Endoscopy
Endoscopy is generally a safe procedure. However, like any medical intervention, it carries some rare risks:
| Possible Complication | Description | Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| Throat irritation | Mild discomfort after the procedure | Common |
| Bloating or gas | Due to air introduced during the procedure | Common |
| Bleeding | After biopsy or polyp removal | Rare |
| Perforation | Small tear in the digestive tract | Very rare (1 in 10,000) |
| Allergic reaction | Due to medications used | Very rare |
How Often Should Endoscopy Be Performed?
Endoscopy is not routinely recommended for general screening. However, it may be repeated at certain intervals in the following situations:
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For monitoring conditions like gastritis, ulcers, or Helicobacter pylori infection
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Polyp or tumor surveillance
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Family history of stomach or bowel cancer
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Regular monitoring of individuals diagnosed with Barrett’s esophagus
It should be performed at the frequency and scope recommended by your physician.
What Is the Difference Between Endoscopy and Colonoscopy?
| Criteria | Endoscopy (Gastroscopy) | Colonoscopy |
|---|---|---|
| Examined area | Upper digestive system (esophagus, stomach, duodenum) | Lower digestive system (colon, rectum) |
| Method of application | Through the mouth | Through the anus |
| Preparation | Fasting is sufficient | Bowel cleansing required |
| Duration | 10–20 minutes | 20–45 minutes |
Endoscopy is an advanced medical method that allows direct visualization of many internal organs, primarily the digestive system, and enables therapeutic interventions when necessary.
It is critically important for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning.
In cases of chronic stomach issues, unexplained digestive symptoms, or cancer screening, undergoing an endoscopy upon your physician’s recommendation can help detect serious health conditions at an early stage.
Disclaimer: All content on this site is for informational purposes only and is based on scientific sources valid at the time of writing. For any health-related symptoms, diagnoses, or treatments, please consult your physician or an authorized healthcare provider.