What Are Hemorrhoids? What Are the Symptoms of Hemorrhoids?
Hemorrhoids are a common health problem that occurs when the veins in the anus and rectum area become enlarged and swollen. This condition, which has two main types—internal and external hemorrhoids—can significantly affect quality of life. In this article, the definition, causes, symptoms, and all relevant details about hemorrhoids are comprehensively discussed.
What Are Hemorrhoids?
Hemorrhoids are swollen vein clusters that form as a result of the enlargement of veins around the anus and rectum. Commonly known as “piles,” these structures can cause pain, bleeding, and discomfort during bowel movements.
Hemorrhoids are classified into two types based on their location:
- Internal Hemorrhoids: Located inside the rectum, above the anal canal.
- External Hemorrhoids: Develop under the skin around the anus.
Symptoms of Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoid symptoms can vary depending on their type and severity. Common symptoms include:
- Rectal bleeding (bright red blood)
- Pain and discomfort in the anal area
- Swelling or a lump around the anus
- Itching and burning sensation
- Increased pain while sitting
- Discharge and inflammation
- Feeling of incomplete evacuation after a bowel movement
As symptom severity increases, medical evaluation and treatment become necessary.
Causes of Hemorrhoids
Many factors contribute to the development of hemorrhoids. These include:
| Cause | Description |
|---|---|
| Constipation | Straining and passing hard stools put pressure on veins. |
| Prolonged sitting | Increases pressure in the anal veins. |
| Pregnancy | Increased abdominal pressure can cause vein dilation. |
| Genetic predisposition | Family history can increase risk. |
| Obesity | Excess weight puts pressure on anal veins. |
| Low fiber intake | Negatively affects bowel movements. |
| Excessive physical strain | Lifting heavy objects raises intra-abdominal pressure. |
Avoiding these risk factors plays a key role in preventing hemorrhoids.
How to Treat Hemorrhoids?
Treatment depends on the stage and severity of the condition:
1. Lifestyle and Dietary Changes
- Eating a fiber-rich diet (vegetables, fruits, whole grains)
- Drinking plenty of fluids
- Regular exercise
- Establishing regular bowel habits
- Avoiding prolonged sitting
2. Medical Treatment
- Topical creams and suppositories
- Pain relievers
- Anti-inflammatory medications
3. Minimally Invasive Procedures
- Rubber band ligation
- Sclerotherapy (injection treatment)
- Infrared coagulation
4. Surgical Intervention
In advanced cases, procedures like hemorrhoidectomy (surgical removal) or hemorrhoidopexy (stapling technique) may be required.
What Are Internal Hemorrhoids?
Internal hemorrhoids are located in the upper part of the anal canal, inside the rectum. They are not under the skin and are usually painless, but bleeding is a common symptom.
Symptoms of Internal Hemorrhoids:
- Bright red rectal bleeding
- Prolapse during bowel movement
- Itching and a feeling of fullness
- Occasional pain (especially if prolapsed)
What Are External Hemorrhoids?
External hemorrhoids are swollen veins that form under the skin around the anus. They often cause more discomfort.
Symptoms of External Hemorrhoids:
- Lump felt around the anus
- Severe pain (especially in thrombosed hemorrhoids)
- Itching and irritation
- Hard nodules under the skin
- Bleeding
How Are Hemorrhoids Diagnosed?
Hemorrhoids are diagnosed through a detailed physical examination and additional diagnostic tests by a medical professional.
Main diagnostic methods:
- Physical Examination: External hemorrhoids are evaluated by inspecting the anal area.
- Digital Rectal Exam: A finger examination to assess internal hemorrhoids and other rectal pathologies.
- Anoscopy: A small device is inserted into the anus to directly observe internal hemorrhoids.
- Rectoscopy and Colonoscopy: Used for further evaluation in cases with bleeding or to rule out other conditions.
Stages of Hemorrhoids
Internal hemorrhoids are usually classified into stages, which guide treatment planning:
| Stage | Description | Symptoms |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Only vein enlargement, no prolapse | Possible bleeding, no prolapse |
| 2 | Prolapse during bowel movement, retracts itself | Bleeding and mild discomfort |
| 3 | Prolapsed, requires manual repositioning | Noticeable swelling and discomfort |
| 4 | Constantly prolapsed, cannot be reinserted | Severe pain, irritation, bleeding |
Who Is at Risk?
Some individuals are at higher risk of developing hemorrhoids:
- People over the age of 45
- Pregnant women
- Those with chronic constipation
- People with a family history of hemorrhoids
- Individuals with a sedentary lifestyle
- Office workers who sit for long periods
Early preventive measures can significantly reduce the risk of developing hemorrhoids.
Complications of the Disease
If left untreated, hemorrhoids can lead to several complications:
- Thrombosed hemorrhoids (blood clot formation)
- Anemia (due to chronic bleeding)
- Fecal incontinence
- Anal fissures
- Inflammation and infection
Regular doctor visits are important to prevent such complications.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can hemorrhoids completely go away?
In early stages, hemorrhoids can be largely controlled with lifestyle changes and medication. In advanced stages, surgery may be necessary.
Is hemorrhoidal bleeding dangerous?
Bright red bleeding during defecation is usually not serious; however, if it occurs frequently, a doctor should be consulted to rule out anemia and other conditions.
How are hemorrhoids treated during pregnancy?
Lifestyle modifications, topical creams, and sitz baths are usually recommended. Surgical interventions are typically postponed until after childbirth.
Can lifting heavy objects cause hemorrhoids?
Yes. Sudden and excessive straining can increase abdominal pressure and raise the risk of hemorrhoids.
Can hemorrhoids turn into cancer?
Hemorrhoids do not directly lead to cancer. However, since they can present with similar symptoms, a colonoscopy is recommended for differential diagnosis.
Disclaimer: All content on this site is for informational purposes only and is based on scientific sources valid at the time of preparation. For any symptoms, diagnoses, or treatments related to your health, please consult your doctor or a qualified healthcare provider.
